When we think of heart disease, images of clogged arteries and heart attacks often come to mind. But for many women, the risk lies in a more elusive condition known as coronary microvascular disease (CMD). This condition affects the tiny blood vessels that supply the heart and often leaves women undiagnosed or misdiagnosed due to limitations in traditional diagnostic methods. Understanding CMD and its impact on women is crucial for improving cardiovascular care and outcomes.
What is Coronary Microvascular dDisease (CMD)?
CMD occurs when the small blood vessels of the heart fail to function properly, affecting blood flow and the heart’s ability to work efficiently. Unlike blockages in larger arteries associated with traditional coronary artery disease, CMD doesn’t always produce visible obstructions. As a result, it’s harder to detect using standard imaging tests, making it a silent but significant risk for many women.
Key Symptoms of CMD in Women:
- Chest pain or discomfort (often referred to as angina)
- Shortness of breath
- Fatigue
- Symptoms that are often episodic or triggered by stress
Many women with CMD experience atypical symptoms, which can be mistaken for anxiety or non-cardiac conditions.
Why Women are at Greater Risk
Research shows that women, particularly postmenopausal women, face a higher risk of developing CMD due to factors like hormonal changes, inflammation, and unique physiological differences. Unfortunately, because their symptoms often do not match the typical presentation of heart disease, many women are misdiagnosed or receive delayed treatment.
The Diagnostic Challenge
Traditional diagnostic tools like coronary angiography focus on detecting blockages in larger arteries and often fail to identify CMD. This creates a diagnostic gap, making it essential to explore alternative methods that go beyond structural imaging to evaluate the functionality of small blood vessels.
The Path Forward
The Women’s Heart Health Initiative advocates for increased research and the development of diagnostic methods that address this gap. Efforts are focused on supporting clinicians in identifying early warning signs of CMD and improving patient outcomes through collaboration and education. By raising awareness and fostering innovation, we aim to give women the care they deserve.